{"id":16252,"date":"2023-11-27T12:07:18","date_gmt":"2023-11-27T12:07:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/?page_id=16252"},"modified":"2026-08-23T08:32:08","modified_gmt":"2026-08-23T08:32:08","slug":"physiological-optics-unit","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/research-structure\/physiological-optics-unit\/","title":{"rendered":"Physiological Optics Unit"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"16252\" class=\"elementor elementor-16252\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ca678e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5ca678e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6948d38\" data-id=\"6948d38\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-031ea15 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"031ea15\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d1db885\" data-id=\"d1db885\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7eee43c elementor-tabs-view-vertical tabs-n elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"7eee43c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.13.3 - 28-05-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tabs-wrapper{width:25%;flex-shrink:0}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active{border-right-style:none}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:after,.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:before{height:999em;width:0;right:0;border-right-style:solid}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:before{top:0;transform:translateY(-100%)}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:after{top:100%}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal 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.elementor-tabs{text-align:left}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tabs-wrapper{overflow:hidden}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-title{cursor:pointer;outline:var(--focus-outline,none)}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-desktop-title{position:relative;padding:20px 25px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;border:solid transparent}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active{border-color:#d5d8dc}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:after,.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-desktop-title.elementor-active:before{display:block;content:\"\";position:absolute}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-desktop-title:focus-visible{border:1px solid #000}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-mobile-title{padding:10px;cursor:pointer}.elementor-widget-tabs .elementor-tab-content{padding:20px;display:none}@media (max-width:767px){.elementor-tabs .elementor-tab-content,.elementor-tabs .elementor-tab-title{border-style:solid solid none}.elementor-tabs .elementor-tabs-wrapper{display:none}.elementor-tabs .elementor-tabs-content-wrapper{border-bottom-style:solid}.elementor-tabs .elementor-tab-content{padding:10px}}@media (min-width:768px){.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tabs{display:flex}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tabs-wrapper{flex-direction:column}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tabs-content-wrapper{flex-grow:1;border-style:solid solid solid none}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal .elementor-tab-content{border-style:none solid solid}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-center .elementor-tabs-wrapper,.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-end .elementor-tabs-wrapper,.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-stretch .elementor-tabs-wrapper{display:flex}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-center .elementor-tabs-wrapper{justify-content:center}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-end .elementor-tabs-wrapper{justify-content:flex-end}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-stretch.elementor-tabs-view-horizontal .elementor-tab-title{width:100%}.elementor-widget-tabs.elementor-tabs-alignment-stretch.elementor-tabs-view-vertical .elementor-tab-title{height:100%}.elementor-tabs .elementor-tab-mobile-title{display:none}}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1331\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1331\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Overview<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1332\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1332\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Vision<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1333\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1333\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Mission<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1334\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1334\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Techniques<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1335\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1335\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Equipment<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1336\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1336\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Services for researchers<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1337\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1337\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Services for patients<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1338\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1338\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Training<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1331\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Overview<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1331\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1331\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><p>A Physiological Unit in a Vision Science Department is responsible for studying the normal functioning of the eye and visual system. It provides the scientific foundation needed to understand how vision works and how physiological changes can affect visual performance. This knowledge is essential for students in optometry, ophthalmology, and vision science.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1332\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Vision<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1332\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1332\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p>Vision is the physiological process by which the eyes detect light and the brain interprets it to create images of the surrounding environment. It is one of the most important senses, allowing humans to recognize objects, perceive color, judge distance, and coordinate movement.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1333\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Mission<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1333\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1333\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p>The mission of the Physiological Unit is to provide high-quality education in ocular and visual physiology that equips students with a comprehensive understanding of the normal functions of the eye and visual system. The unit is committed to promoting excellence in teaching, fostering scientific inquiry and research, supporting evidence-based clinical practice, and encouraging lifelong learning. Through innovation, collaboration, and community engagement, the unit aims to prepare competent graduates who contribute to the advancement of vision science and the improvement of eye health.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1334\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Techniques<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1334\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1334\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><ul><li>Visual acuity assessment.<\/li><li>Colour vision testing.<\/li><li>Contrast sensitivity measurement.<\/li><li>Pupillary light reflex assessment.<\/li><li>Visual field (perimetry) testing.<\/li><li>Accommodation and convergence evaluation.<\/li><li>Tear film and ocular surface assessment.<\/li><li>Measurement of intraocular pressure using non-invasive methods for demonstration purposes.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Electroretinography (ERG) to assess retinal function.<\/li><li>Visual Evoked Potentials (VEP) to evaluate the integrity of the visual pathway.<\/li><li>Electrooculography (EOG) to assess retinal pigment epithelium function and eye movements.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1335\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Equipment<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1335\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1335\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><div class=\"card-grid\"><div class=\"card\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img333.jpg\" \/><\/p><h4 class=\"card-title\">Water Bath<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"card\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img332.jpg\" \/><\/p><h4 class=\"card-title\">Water Distiller<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"card\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img337.jpg\" \/><\/p><h4 class=\"card-title\">Vacuum Pump<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"card\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img336.jpg\" \/><\/p><h4 class=\"card-title\">Rotary Evaporator<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"card\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img340.jpg\" \/><\/p><h5 class=\"card-title\">Analytical Balance<\/h5><\/div><div class=\"card\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img341.jpg\" \/><\/p><h4 class=\"card-title\">Spectrophotometer<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"card\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img344.jpg\" \/><\/p><h4 class=\"card-title\">Centrifuge<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"card\"><p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img345.jpg\" \/><\/p><h5 class=\"card-title\">Electroretinography \u2013 ERG<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1336\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Services for researchers<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1336\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1336\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p>The <strong>Physiological Unit<\/strong> of the <strong>Vision Science Department<\/strong> provides a comprehensive range of services that support basic, translational, and clinical research in ocular physiology and vision science. These services facilitate investigations into visual function, ocular surface health, retinal physiology, and the pathophysiology of eye diseases.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1337\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Services for patients<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1337\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1337\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p>The <strong>Physiological Unit<\/strong> of the <strong>Vision Science Department<\/strong> provides specialized diagnostic and functional assessments to evaluate visual performance, ocular surface health, and retinal function. These services support the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of a wide range of ocular and neuro-ophthalmic disorders.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1338\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Training<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1338\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1338\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p>The <strong>Physiological Unit<\/strong> of the <strong>Vision Science Department<\/strong> offers structured training programs for undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, clinicians, technicians, and healthcare professionals. The programs provide theoretical knowledge and practical experience in ocular physiology, vision science research, electrophysiological testing, and clinical diagnostic techniques.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview Vision Mission Techniques Equipment Services for researchers Services for patients Training Overview A Physiological Unit in a Vision Science Department is responsible for studying the normal functioning of the eye and visual system. It provides the scientific foundation needed &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":16414,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","_vp_format_video_url":"","_vp_image_focal_point":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16252"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16252"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16252\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19418,"href":"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16252\/revisions\/19418"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16414"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rio-conference.com\/new\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16252"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}